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The Slave Files: Whipped Peter (Gordon)

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The Scourged Back

Chains that bound, yet could not break
A spirit strong, though flesh did ache.
Scarred and beaten, marked by pain,
He rose to freedom, hope his gain.

Whipped by cruelty, yet never bent,
A testament to courage, resilient.
From fields of sorrow to Union’s call,
Peter’s courage outshines it all.

Photo Credit: McPherson & Oliver. This photograph is the property of its respective owner.

Peter, also known as “Whipped Peter” or “Gordon,” was an enslaved African American man born around 1820–1825; some accounts report his birth around 1850 in Georgia. He was sold to a 3,000-acre plantation in Louisiana owned by Captain John Lyons. In late October 1862, after an altercation with his overseer, Peter was subjected to a brutal whipping that left deep, permanent scars across his back. The overseer reportedly applied salt to the wounds, a common and excruciating practice known as “salting,” intended to inflict maximum pain and humiliation.

Despite this horrific treatment, Peter survived and, in March 1863, escaped the plantation. Using onions to mask his scent from bloodhounds, he reached Union lines near Baton Rouge, Louisiana. There, photographers McPherson & Oliver captured his scarred back, producing the image known as “The Scourged Back.” This photograph circulated widely in abolitionist publications and became a poignant testament to the brutality of slavery, galvanizing public opinion against the institution.

In March 1863, Peter escaped from the plantation, covering his scent with onions to evade bloodhounds. After a perilous journey, he reached Union lines near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where he was photographed by McPherson & Oliver, revealing the extent of his injuries. The resulting image, known as “The Scourged Back,” was widely circulated and became a poignant testament to the brutality of slavery . Following his escape, Peter enlisted in the Union Army and served in the U.S. Colored Troops, where he continued to contribute to the fight for freedom and justice. While his exact service details remain unclear, his story galvanized anti-slavery sentiments and highlighted the resilience and humanity of enslaved individuals. His story endures as a symbol of resilience, courage, and the unbreakable human spirit, reminding future generations of both the horrors of slavery and the strength required to survive and claim one’s freedom.

References for Further Reading