Tag Archives: physical attraction

Beauty, human attraction, physical attraction

Physical Attraction

Physical attraction is a powerful human experience that influences desire, connection, and decision-making. Scripture does not deny its existence, but it does warn against allowing attraction to govern behavior apart from wisdom and holiness. When physical attraction is unchecked, it can override discernment and lead individuals away from God’s design.

The origin of physical attraction is rooted in creation itself. God created humanity with the capacity to recognize beauty and form bonds. In Genesis, Adam’s recognition of Eve reveals that attraction was present before sin: “This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh” (Genesis 2:23, KJV). Attraction, in its original form, was pure and covenantal.

However, the fall of man distorted attraction. After sin entered the world, desire became disordered and self-centered. Scripture notes this shift when God said, “Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee” (Genesis 3:16, KJV). Attraction moved from harmony to tension, vulnerability, and misuse.

Physical attraction becomes dangerous when it is divorced from purpose. Lust replaces love when desire seeks gratification without responsibility. Jesus clarified this danger by teaching, “Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart” (Matthew 5:28, KJV). Lust transforms attraction into sin at the level of thought.

The eyes play a central role in fueling unhealthy attraction. Scripture repeatedly warns about visual temptation. Job declared, “I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?” (Job 31:1, KJV). Guarding the eyes is a primary defense against lust-driven attraction.

Physical attraction often leads to fornication when boundaries are absent. Fornication is condemned throughout Scripture because it corrupts the body and soul. Paul commands believers to “Flee fornication” (1 Corinthians 6:18, KJV), emphasizing urgency rather than resistance. Attraction without restraint quickly becomes transgression.

The danger of physical attraction lies in its ability to silence wisdom. Strong desire can cloud judgment and override godly counsel. Proverbs warns, “He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool” (Proverbs 28:26, KJV). When attraction governs decisions, spiritual consequences often follow.

Attraction can also lead individuals to form unequal or ungodly relationships. Desire may cause people to overlook character, faith, or moral alignment. Scripture cautions believers not to be “unequally yoked together with unbelievers” (2 Corinthians 6:14, KJV), reminding us that attraction is not a reliable measure of compatibility.

The culture often celebrates lust while minimizing its cost. Yet Scripture exposes the end result: “The end thereof are the ways of death” (Proverbs 14:12, KJV). Lust promises pleasure but delivers bondage, guilt, and spiritual distance from God.

Physical attraction can become a form of idolatry when beauty or desire replaces obedience to God. Anything that rules the heart competes with God’s authority. The Bible commands, “Thou shalt have no other gods before me” (Exodus 20:3, KJV). Attraction becomes dangerous when it takes precedence over righteousness.

Fornication creates spiritual and emotional bonds that were never intended outside of marriage. Scripture describes sexual union as becoming “one flesh” (1 Corinthians 6:16, KJV). When attraction leads to repeated fornication, it fragments the soul and dulls spiritual sensitivity.

The body is not merely a tool for pleasure but a temple for God’s Spirit. Paul reminds believers, “Know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost?” (1 Corinthians 6:19, KJV). Yielding the body to lust dishonors both God and oneself.

Discipline is essential in managing physical attraction. The Bible teaches self-control as a fruit of the Spirit. “A city that is broken down, and without walls, is a man that hath no rule over his own spirit” (Proverbs 25:28, KJV). Without discipline, attraction becomes a gateway to sin.

Physical attraction must be subordinated to holiness. Scripture instructs believers to pursue purity actively: “That every one of you should know how to possess his vessel in sanctification and honour” (1 Thessalonians 4:4, KJV). Honor governs desire when God is at the center.

The renewal of the mind is necessary to overcome lust. The world conditions the mind to eroticize bodies and normalize excess desire. God’s word calls believers to transformation: “Be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind” (Romans 12:2, KJV).

God provides a righteous outlet for attraction within marriage. Sexual desire is sanctified in covenant. “Marriage is honourable in all, and the bed undefiled” (Hebrews 13:4, KJV). Outside of marriage, the same desire becomes sin and disorder.

Victory over lust requires vigilance and prayer. Jesus warned, “Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation” (Matthew 26:41, KJV). Spiritual awareness prevents attraction from maturing into action.

Physical attraction must be interpreted through spiritual discernment. Not every strong feeling is a divine signal. Scripture urges believers to test impulses: “Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits” (1 John 4:1, KJV). Discernment distinguishes desire from direction.

God’s commandments regarding sexuality are protective, not punitive. Obedience preserves clarity, peace, and future joy. “The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul” (Psalm 19:7, KJV). God’s design guards the heart from regret.

Those who walk in purity gain spiritual confidence. A clean conscience strengthens fellowship with God. “Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God” (Matthew 5:8, KJV). Purity sharpens spiritual vision.

Ultimately, physical attraction must submit to Christ. Believers are called to glorify God in body and spirit. “Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God” (1 Corinthians 10:31, KJV). When attraction is surrendered to God, it no longer destroys but serves His purpose.

References (KJV Bible)

The Holy Bible, King James Version.
Genesis 2:23; 3:16
Exodus 20:3
Job 31:1
Proverbs 14:12; 25:28; 28:26
Psalm 19:7
Matthew 5:8, 5:28; 26:41
Romans 12:2
1 Corinthians 6:16, 6:18–19; 10:31
2 Corinthians 6:14
1 Thessalonians 4:4
Hebrews 13:4
1 John 4:1

Beauty, beauty-series

Beauty Series: The Burden of Being Beautiful

Beauty has long been celebrated as a gift, yet in modern society, it often functions as a burden disguised as privilege. Those deemed beautiful are elevated, admired, and desired, but they are also scrutinized, objectified, and reduced to appearance. What is praised publicly often becomes a private weight, shaping identity, relationships, and self-worth in complex and often damaging ways.

Sociologists describe beauty as a form of social capital. Attractive individuals frequently receive preferential treatment in employment, education, and social interactions. This phenomenon, known as the “halo effect,” creates the illusion that beauty guarantees ease, while concealing the psychological costs attached to constant evaluation and expectation.

Beauty becomes a sin when it is idolized. Cultures that worship appearance teach individuals that their value is conditional, dependent on youth, symmetry, and desirability. This idolatry transforms the body into currency, forcing beautiful individuals to maintain an image rather than develop a self.

Those considered beautiful often experience a loss of agency. Their bodies are perceived as public property, inviting unsolicited attention, entitlement, and invasion of boundaries. Research on objectification shows that being constantly watched and appraised can lead to self-surveillance, anxiety, and diminished cognitive performance.

The burden of beauty also appears in relational dynamics. Attractive individuals are frequently desired but not deeply known. Assumptions about their character, intelligence, or morality replace genuine curiosity, resulting in relationships built on projection rather than truth.

Psychological studies indicate that highly attractive individuals are often stereotyped as shallow or less competent, particularly women. While beauty opens doors, it simultaneously invites suspicion and resentment, creating a paradox where advantage and disadvantage coexist.

Beauty becomes a moral accusation in societies shaped by envy. Attractive people are often blamed for the attention they did not seek and punished for privileges they did not assign themselves. This resentment manifests in social exclusion, rivalry, and character attacks.

Gender intensifies the burden. Women, especially, are socialized to understand beauty as both power and threat. A beautiful woman must manage her appearance carefully to avoid being labeled arrogant, promiscuous, or intimidating. This double bind forces constant self-policing.

Race further complicates the experience of beauty. Black beauty, in particular, has been historically exoticized, erased, or fetishized. When Black women are recognized as beautiful, it is often through Eurocentric standards, reinforcing colorism and internalized hierarchies within marginalized communities.

Media plays a central role in shaping beauty sins. Social media platforms commodify faces and bodies through likes, algorithms, and monetization. Beauty becomes performance, and visibility becomes validation, creating a cycle of comparison and insecurity even among those who benefit most from aesthetic approval.

The pressure to remain beautiful is relentless. Aging, weight changes, illness, and motherhood threaten social value in appearance-driven cultures. Studies show that fear of losing beauty contributes to anxiety, disordered eating, and cosmetic dependency.

Beauty can also silence pain. Attractive individuals are often assumed to be happy, desired, and fulfilled, making their suffering invisible or invalidated. This expectation discourages vulnerability and reinforces emotional isolation.

In professional settings, beauty can undermine credibility. Research demonstrates that attractive women in leadership roles are often taken less seriously, while attractive men may be perceived as less authoritative depending on context. Beauty becomes a liability where competence is questioned.

Faith traditions have long warned against the elevation of appearance. Scripture emphasizes that outward beauty fades, while character endures. When beauty becomes identity, it displaces virtues such as wisdom, humility, and integrity.

The burden of beauty is ultimately a spiritual one. Identity rooted in appearance is fragile, easily shaken by time and comparison. When self-worth is externalized, peace becomes impossible to sustain.

Beauty sins are not committed by individuals alone but by systems that reward appearance while neglecting humanity. Blaming the beautiful obscures the deeper injustice of cultures that commodify bodies and monetize insecurity.

Healing begins with disentangling worth from aesthetics. Psychological research consistently shows that a self-concept grounded in values, relationships, and purpose leads to greater well-being than appearance-based identity.

Reclaiming beauty requires redefining it. Beauty can be appreciated without being worshiped, admired without being exploited. This reframing allows beauty to exist as expression rather than obligation.

The burden of being beautiful reveals a paradox: what society elevates most often enslaves first. Until cultures learn to value people beyond appearance, beauty will remain both a blessing and a burden.

True liberation occurs when beauty is no longer a measure of worth but a fleeting attribute within a whole and complex human identity. Only then can beauty cease being a sin and become simply human.

References

Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173–206.

Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but… A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 109–128.

Langlois, J. H., et al. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 390–423.

Calogero, R. M., Tantleff-Dunn, S., & Thompson, J. K. (2011). Self-objectification in women: Causes, consequences, and counteractions. American Psychological Association.

Hunter, M. (2007). The persistent problem of colorism: Skin tone, status, and inequality. Sociology Compass, 1(1), 237–254.

Twenge, J. M. (2014). Generation me. Atria Books.

human attraction, physical attraction, psychology

The Psychology of Human Attraction

Understanding Biblical Insight and Psychological Theories

Photo by Dellon Thomas on Pexels.com

Human attraction is one of the most complex dynamics of social life. It extends beyond physical appearance, involving biological, psychological, and spiritual dimensions. The Bible acknowledges attraction as a natural part of human relationships, yet emphasizes that it should be guided by divine principles. “Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised” (Proverbs 31:30, KJV). Psychology, meanwhile, investigates attraction through theories of attachment, evolutionary biology, and social cognition, seeking to explain why people are drawn to one another.

One of the primary drivers of attraction is physical appearance, which has roots in both biology and culture. Evolutionary psychologists argue that features such as facial symmetry, clear skin, and body proportions are often unconsciously associated with health and fertility (Rhodes, 2006). However, Scripture warns that outward beauty alone is insufficient; it is the hidden qualities of character and spirit that sustain meaningful bonds (1 Peter 3:3–4, KJV). This balance between surface appeal and deeper substance reveals how attraction is both instinctive and moral.

Another factor is similarity and shared values. Psychology’s similarity-attraction paradigm suggests people are drawn to those with common beliefs, interests, or cultural backgrounds because these similarities reduce conflict and affirm identity (Byrne, 1971). Biblically, Amos 3:3 (KJV) reinforces this principle: “Can two walk together, except they be agreed?” Attraction rooted in shared values fosters stability, mutual respect, and spiritual harmony, making relationships more resilient.

Emotional connection and attachment styles also shape attraction. According to attachment theory (Bowlby, 1988), individuals with secure attachment styles tend to form healthier bonds, while those with insecure attachments may seek relationships that mirror unresolved childhood experiences. From a spiritual perspective, love should be rooted in selflessness and divine order: “Charity suffereth long, and is kind… seeketh not her own” (1 Corinthians 13:4–5, KJV). Thus, emotional attraction goes beyond chemistry—it is linked to healing, trust, and godly love.

Attraction is further influenced by reciprocity and availability. Psychologists note that people are more likely to be drawn to those who express mutual interest and make themselves emotionally available (Aron et al., 1997). This dynamic reflects biblical principles of mutual honor and affection: “Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honour preferring one another” (Romans 12:10, KJV). Relationships thrive when both parties show intentional care and openness.

7 Key Factors in the Psychology of Human Attraction

With KJV Bible + Psychology Insights

  1. Physical Appearance (First Impressions)
    • Psychology: Symmetry, grooming, and health signal vitality (Rhodes, 2006).
    • 1 Samuel 16:7 (KJV): “Man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.”
  2. Similarity and Shared Values
    • Psychology: People prefer partners with common beliefs and lifestyles (Byrne, 1971).
    • Amos 3:3 (KJV): “Can two walk together, except they be agreed?”
  3. Emotional Connection
    • Psychology: Attachment theory shows secure bonds build trust (Bowlby, 1988).
    • 1 Corinthians 13:4–5 (KJV): Love is patient, kind, and not self-seeking.
  4. Reciprocity (Mutual Interest)
    • Psychology: We are drawn to those who show interest in us (Aron et al., 1997).
    • Romans 12:10 (KJV): “Be kindly affectioned one to another… in honour preferring one another.”
  5. Proximity and Time Spent Together
    • Psychology: The “mere exposure effect” increases attraction with familiarity.
    • Ruth 2:10–12 (KJV): Ruth’s closeness to Boaz created favor and recognition.
  6. Emotional Availability and Support
    • Psychology: People value partners who provide safety and encouragement.
    • Ecclesiastes 4:9–10 (KJV): Two are better than one, for they lift each other up.
  7. Spiritual and Moral Character
    • Psychology: Inner qualities sustain long-term attraction beyond appearance.
    • Proverbs 31:30 (KJV): “Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised.”

In conclusion, the psychology of human attraction reveals a profound interplay between biology, mind, and spirit. While science emphasizes appearance, similarity, and attachment, Scripture elevates attraction beyond instinct to covenantal love grounded in God’s design. Ultimately, the most enduring form of attraction is not fleeting physical beauty but the spiritual, emotional, and moral bonds that reflect God’s love. As Proverbs reminds us, true attraction rests in the fear of the Lord, which sustains love when surface qualities fade.

📚 References

  • The Holy Bible, King James Version.
  • Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1997). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 596–612.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. Basic Books.
  • Byrne, D. (1971). The Attraction Paradigm. Academic Press.
  • Rhodes, G. (2006). The evolutionary psychology of facial beauty. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 199–226.

Beauty, women

Girl Talk Series: What Is Beauty? 🌹Speaking to Women About True Worth.

Photo by Vitu00f3ria Santos on Pexels.com

Sisters, let us have a real conversation about beauty. From the moment we are born, society places us under a microscope: how we look, how we dress, the color of our skin, the shape of our bodies. Beauty is celebrated, envied, and even worshiped. Yet beauty can also be misunderstood, manipulated, and turned into a burden. So what is beauty really? Where does it come from, and what makes a woman truly beautiful—inside and out?

The Origin of Physical Beauty: Genetics and Inheritance

On a physical level, beauty has roots in genetics. Features such as symmetrical faces, clear skin, and healthy hair are linked to indicators of health and fertility (Rhodes, 2006). Science shows that facial symmetry and proportional features are often unconsciously perceived as “beautiful” because they reflect genetic stability. Our physical features—skin tone, hair texture, body type—are part of the inheritance of our ancestors. Black women, for example, carry unique genetic traits that the world both fetishizes and envies: melanin-rich skin, full lips, and natural curves that defy Western beauty ideals.

But while genetics play a role in shaping appearance, they do not define the fullness of beauty.

The Burden and Blessing of Beauty

Beauty can be both a blessing and a curse. It opens doors, captures attention, and even inspires admiration. Yet, it also provokes envy, jealousy, and objectification. Many women have learned that being considered beautiful can draw not only favor but also unwanted advances, superficial friendships, and false assumptions about character. Proverbs 31:30 reminds us: “Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised” (KJV).

Why Men Worship Beauty

Across cultures and time, men have idolized beauty. In many cases, this “worship” is less about love and more about desire. Psychology calls this mate selection bias—men are often drawn to visible markers of health and fertility (Buss, 2019). Yet, when beauty is elevated above substance, it creates shallow relationships built on attraction rather than covenant.

Why Women Alter Themselves for Beauty

We live in an age where women feel pressured to modify themselves to fit an unattainable ideal. Cosmetic surgery, BBLs (Brazilian Butt Lifts), and fillers have grown into a multi-billion-dollar industry fueled by insecurity and comparison (American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 2023). Social media intensifies this pressure, showcasing airbrushed, filtered images that create unrealistic standards. Instead of celebrating natural uniqueness, society rewards conformity to artificial perfection.

Beauty According to the Bible

Scripture redirects our focus from the external to the eternal:

  • “Whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the hair, and of wearing of gold, or of putting on of apparel; But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price” (1 Peter 3:3–4, KJV).
  • “Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised” (Proverbs 31:30, KJV).
  • “Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come” (Proverbs 31:25, KJV).

According to the Bible, true beauty is found in:

  1. A meek and quiet spirit (1 Peter 3:4).
  2. The fear of the Lord (Proverbs 31:30).
  3. Strength and honor (Proverbs 31:25).
  4. Wisdom and kindness (Proverbs 31:26).

🌸 Sarah: Beauty That Endured Through Age

Sarah, the wife of Abraham, is the first woman in Scripture described for her beauty. The Bible records that even in her old age, her beauty was so remarkable that Abraham feared men would kill him to take her.

  • Genesis 12:11–15 (KJV): “Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look upon… the Egyptians beheld the woman that she was very fair.”
  • Genesis 20:2 (KJV): King Abimelech desired Sarah because of her beauty.

Her story reveals both the blessing and danger of physical attractiveness. Though admired, her beauty also placed her in vulnerable situations. Yet, Sarah’s true legacy was not her outward beauty but her faith—she became the mother of nations and is celebrated in Hebrews 11:11 for her belief in God’s promise.

🌸 Rachel: A Woman of Lovely Form and Countenance

Rachel, the beloved wife of Jacob, is described as both beautiful in form and face. Her beauty stirred deep love and devotion in Jacob, who labored 14 years to marry her.

  • Genesis 29:17 (KJV): “Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favoured.”
  • Genesis 29:20 (KJV): Jacob served seven years for Rachel, which “seemed unto him but a few days, for the love he had to her.”

Rachel’s beauty was undeniable, yet her story also shows that beauty alone does not protect from hardship. She endured barrenness, jealousy with her sister Leah, and eventually died giving birth to Benjamin (Genesis 35:16–19). Her beauty attracted love, but her life demonstrates that beauty cannot shield us from trials.

🌸 Judith: Beauty as a Weapon of Deliverance

Judith, from the Apocrypha (Book of Judith), is perhaps one of the most powerful examples of beauty being used by God for deliverance. She was a widow, known for her righteousness, wisdom, and striking appearance.

  • Judith 8:7 (KJV, Apocrypha): “Now Judith was a fair woman to look upon, and her husband left her gold, and silver, and menservants, and maidservants, and cattle, and lands: and she remained upon them.”
  • Judith 10:4 (KJV, Apocrypha): She adorned herself to appear even more beautiful before entering the Assyrian camp.
  • Judith 10:23 (KJV, Apocrypha): The Assyrian soldiers marveled, saying, “Who can despise this people, that have among them such women? Surely it is not good to leave one man of them alive, for if they be let go, they shall deceive the whole earth.”

Judith’s beauty captivated General Holofernes, but it was her courage, faith, and wisdom that saved Israel. She used beauty not for vanity but as a tool of deliverance ordained by God.

✨ Lessons from Their Beauty

  • Sarah shows us that beauty may endure across time, but faith leaves the truest legacy.
  • Rachel reminds us that beauty can inspire devotion, but it cannot prevent suffering.
  • Judith demonstrates that beauty coupled with faith and wisdom can be a powerful weapon for God’s purposes.

The Spiritual Dangers of Beauty

As much as beauty can be a gift, it can also be a snare when it leads to vanity, pride, or self-worship. Ezekiel 28 describes the downfall of Lucifer, who was corrupted by his own beauty and pride. Likewise, women today can fall into the trap of placing identity solely in appearance, chasing validation from men or social media instead of God.

  • Vanity: “Charm is deceitful” (Proverbs 31:30)—physical beauty fades, but women who idolize their looks risk losing focus on eternal values.
  • Pride: Excessive obsession with appearance breeds arrogance and comparison.
  • Idolatry of Self: When beauty becomes an idol, it replaces God with the worship of self, fame, or fleshly validation.

This is why Paul warned in Romans 1:25 about those who “worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator.” Beauty must never become a throne we sit on to exalt ourselves.

What Makes a Woman Truly Beautiful?

While the world elevates physical features, what endures is a woman’s mind, character, and spirit. Intelligence, kindness, resilience, and humility shine brighter than any physical trait. A beautiful woman is one who uplifts others, walks in purpose, and carries dignity. Her confidence is not rooted in her reflection but in her values.

The Most Beautiful Black Women and Their Reflections on Beauty

Throughout history, women like Cicely Tyson, Naomi Campbell, Halle Berry, and Lupita Nyong’o have redefined beauty. Lupita Nyong’o has spoken openly about overcoming colorism and learning to embrace her dark skin, calling beauty “something you have to cultivate yourself.” Cicely Tyson emphasized that beauty without purpose is shallow, while Halle Berry highlighted that true beauty is tied to kindness and authenticity.

These women remind us that Black beauty is not only physical—it is cultural, spiritual, and intellectual.

The Social Media Effect: Insecurity and Comparison

Platforms like Instagram and TikTok magnify beauty pressures. The constant stream of curated images fosters comparison, leading many women to feel inadequate. Studies show that excessive social media use is directly linked to body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem (Fardouly et al., 2018). Beauty has become performance-based, tied to likes, follows, and validation rather than authenticity.

Traits Greater Than Physical Beauty

A woman’s lasting legacy is not her looks but her personality traits and virtues:

  • Wisdom: Offering guidance rooted in truth.
  • Compassion: Seeing and serving others.
  • Integrity: Living with honesty and strength.
  • Resilience: Standing firm in trials.
  • Faith: Trusting God above all else.

These traits inspire respect and love that physical appearance alone can never secure.

Conclusion

Sisters, beauty is complex. It is part genetic, part cultural, and often a double-edged sword. While men may worship it, and while industries profit from our insecurities, the truth remains: beauty without character is empty. The Bible reminds us to seek the kind of beauty that cannot fade—the beauty of a God-fearing, wise, compassionate, and dignified spirit.

Let us not waste our energy chasing the world’s temporary standards but instead cultivate the eternal virtues that make us radiant in the sight of God.

“Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come” (Proverbs 31:25, KJV).

References

  • American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2023). Plastic surgery statistics report. https://www.plasticsurgery.org/
  • Buss, D. M. (2019). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Routledge.
  • Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2018). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45.
  • Rhodes, G. (2006). The evolutionary psychology of facial beauty. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 199–226.